Muffler



H.. ANDRESEN.

MUFFLER. 7 APPLICATION FILED 061221917.

1,3 1, 2, Patented Dec. 7,1920.

2 SHEETS-*SHEET I.

- //5 A R/VEYJ U I U N \2' I a *ZI Q 2' INVENTOI? I W H. ANDRESEN.

MUFFLER.

- APPLICATION FILED OCT 22, 19H m 1 3 1 2 Pat nted, mm 1920.

L) N a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HALVOB ANDRESEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE VACUUM MUFFLER CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MUFFLER.

Application filed October 22, 1917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HALVOR ANnnnsEN, a

subject of the King of Norway, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, in the city of New York, county and State of New York, have invented new and useful improvements in Mufflers, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to mufllers for use with internal combustion engines or in fact with any engine or device that has an intermittent discharge into an atmosphere having a lower pressure than that of said discharge.

The mufiler to which the invention is directed is constructed so that the gases from the muffler inlet first enter an initial receiving space that is located within a central portion of the mufiler casing and so that the gases passing from this initial receiving space or central chamber will flow between outwardly extending deflecting plates, which may be considered as guiding members, into a conducting chamber through which the gases flow toward the muffler discharge or exhaust opening. The muffler has spaced heads, one at each end of the muffler and the deflecting plates or members are located between said heads. A part of the deflecting plates or members are preferably carried by one head and the rest of the deflecting plates or members are preferably carried by the other head.

According to the present invention there is located upon the head opposite the intake a removable conical member the vertex of which extends into the initial receiving space or central chamber of the muffler. The function of this conical member is to de fiect gases, as they enter said initial receiving space or chamber, into the passageways defined between adjacent deflecting plates. This conical member is preferably held in place on the head which carries it by the deflecting plates carried on the companion head, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

The invention is also directed to other features of construction as will hereinafter more fully appear and which are clearly brought out in the claims.

As illustrating a specific embodiment of the invention reference is made to the accompanying drawing which forms a part of this specification and in which drawing,

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sec Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 7, 1920.

Serial No. 197,812.

tional view of the muffler and is a view taken as on the plane indicated by the line ll of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken as on the line 22 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view taken as on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is a partial vertical longitudinal forward head since the gases from the mui'- fier inlet first pass through the rear head A and flow forwardly toward and finally through the forward head B. This nomenclature, however, it will be understood is as above indicated merely an arbitrary one adopted for convenience. The side wall may be considered to start at 1, continue along the curved path to 2, 3, 4, 5, finally returning to 1, thereby forming an inclosed exterior curved side wall. The major portion of this side wall, to wit, the part defined by 1, 2, 3 and 4:, is part of a cylinder havmg its center at X while the minor por tion of the side wall, to wit, the part defined by 4, 5, 1, is part of a cylinder havim its center at Y. The curved side wall D can be formed partially on the rear head A, for instance portion ca, and partially on the forward head B, for instance portion 06. It will readily be appreciated, however, that the side wall C can be an independent member placed between the opposing heads A and B. In the construction shown the side wall portion 0a is provided with a rib cc which enters a groove ad in the side wall portion 05.

The rear head A is provided with a tubular projection D to which an exhaust pipe D of a hydrocarbon or other engine may be connected. The incoming gases which are discharged from the engine flow through an inlet opening IN into the initial receiving space or central chamber E which, as the name implies, is located within a central portion of the muflier casing. The forward opening Y in the head B. It

end of this initial. receh ing space or central chamber E is defined by a conical portion or member F which extends rearwardly from the forward head B so that the apex f of the cone extends into the initial receiving space or central chamber E. The coned portion of this member F serves to turn or deflect laterall the incoming g es which are traveling forward in a lon udiual direct" n trom the inlet opening. This turning or deflecting of the incoming gases is more or less gradual due to the conical member F the surface of which is in the form of a. smooth curve as will a )pear from the crosssection shown in Fig. l of the drawing.

The sides or peripheral portions oi' the initial re 'eiving space or central chamber E are delined by the inner ends g and 1 31 ot the series of deflecting plates or members G and l. T he ends -the end ya being an exception are arranged along a circle having its c nter at 0 and therefore the initial rcccir space is substantially a cylindrical space having an entrant cone at one end. The plates G are carried on the rear head A and extend forwardly adjacent to the inner faces oi the forward head B, while the plates G are ca ried y the forward head B and extend re rwardly adjacent to the rear head It. These deflecting plates G and G are arranged in such a manner that alternate plates re carried by each head and so that there is a narrow entrance space, as at es, between adjacent plates when all the plates are in it; semhled position.

The outer ends of the dctlecting pl are prel erabl arranged along a circu path the center of which circle is located at I The space S between the outer ends of these deflecting plates on the one hand and the side wall C on the other, and between the rear head A on the one hand and the forward head E on the other constitutes the conducting chamber through which the gases flow on their wa; from between the detlectplates to the discharge opening DC of the muffler. This discharge opening DO extends through a tubular projection H. A pipe K may be positioned in the discharge opening in this tubular projection ll. as will be seen in 3. In order that the pipe I; will not extend too far into the muliler there is provided a stop Z which extends forwardly from he rear head A. The heads ii and B are secured together by bolts L which extend from one head to the other.

ln o der to faci itate the manufacture of this de e the conical member F is made as a separate meanber having a torwardl v extending lla. go or shoulder M that enters an also has a laterally extending flange portion P that overlaps the head B thus making a relatively tight joint between the member F and the head B. The member F has three radial deflecting plates so that when the parts 0 he n'iultler are in assembled position said (onical member I will be clamped in position between the rear side of the forward ncad B and the for and end of three dcplates that are carried on the rear The apex oi. the conical member is concentric with the center line of the intake opening IN and ot the center 0 of the about which the inner 0 ds 9' l the dc- ,tmg plates l and G are located. The

i of one of the deflecting plates exinwardly past this circle and this exling end 0 series two functions; lirstly. a cut out on the conical member so latter can be assembled in only one and, secondly. to proridc a stop at end to limit the distance that the can enter the inlet opening oi the in other words, so that the pipe cannot be positioned too tar in the mulllcr.

In Fig. l construction is shown in which the central member l which corresponds in its function to the coni all member F previously described is held in place b screwthreads and is readily insertiblc in place or removable from its position in the mulller. as will be manifest from an inspection or said Fig. l.

In Fig. 5 there is illustrated a modified construction in which the vanes or deflecting plates are curved. These vanes resemble in many respects the construction which is shown in co-pending application Serial No. 177,067 which was filed June 26th, 1917. The narrow entrance space between the deflecting plates is designated as (as and corresponds to the narrow entrance space as oi the construction shown in The width of the narrow slots or entrance spaces es can be made from one (1) millimeter down to about three-tenths 51;) ot' amillinieter, dependent upon the torm and length of the deflecting plates. The long or curved deflecting plates would allow the wider slots while the shorter or straight plates preferably have the narrow slots to maintain the mutlling etl ert. and the greater the length of the plates between which the gases must pass and the greater the length from the narrow slots to the delivery opening of the muffler the wiler the slots may be made.

In constructing mulllers it is quite important that the ratio by which the space between the deflecting plates widen must not exceed a certain limit in order to keep the gas flow as uniform as possible. The narrow slots between the deflecting plates can he made relatively long as desired. The longer the slots. however. the greater the increase in the weight and cost of the muffler and the length of the slots ought to be made so that the combined tree cross-sectional area llU of the slots is equal to a certain minimum which can be figured out when the conditions of the gas and piston displacement are known. This combined cross-sectional area will generally figure out to be about the same as the free exhaust valve area of the engine or a little less.

In the operation of the muffler the gases discharged from the hydrocarbon engine flow in a longitudinal direction through the inlet opening IN of the rear head A. The coned portion of the conical member F then assists in deflecting the gases laterally into the numerous narrow entrance spaces or slots es provided between the adjacent inner ends of the deflecting plates or members G, G; As the gases flow through said narrow spaces they are allowed to gradually expand finally entering the conducting chamber space S through which the gases flow, as in the direction indicated by the arrows s, to the discharge opening DO through which the gases finally pass on their way from the mufiier.

In assembling the mufiler the conical member F is first placed in proper position on the forward head B; thereafter the rear head A. is brought into position and clamped by the bolts (or rivets) at L. \Vhen the heads are clamped in position by the bolts the forward ends of three of the deflecting members or plates G engage the rear side of the ribs or projections R on the conical member F so that the conical member firmly (damped in place and so that there is a tight joint between the flanged portions of the conical member F and that portion of the head B which defines the opening N.

The longitudinal center line of the inlet opening passes through the center 0 of the circle about which the inner ends of the defleeting plates G and G are arranged and also through the apex of the coned portion of the conical member F. The center Z of thecircle along which the outer ends of the deflecting plates are arranged is eccentric with the center X of the large cylindrical portion of the side wall casing and both of these centers are eccentric with the center 0 previously referred to. These three centers 0, Z and X are, however, arranged substantially along the same line.

The deflecting plates or members which are farthest from. the discharge opening D0 are the shortest while the deflecting plates nearest the discharge opening are the longest and the plates or members between these short and long plates gradually increase in length. It will be observed that the gases which have the longest distances to travel in the conducting chamber space S have the shortest distance to travel when passing between adjacent deflecting plates or members; while on the other hand those gases which have little or no travel along the conducting chamber space S have the longest distance to travel between the adj acent plates or members.

The result of this construction is a relatively uniform flow of gases from the initial receiving space or central chamber to the discharge opening and the intermittent impulses or bursts which enter the receiving space are therefore ironed out so that there is a relatively uniform discharge from the discharge opening DO. 7'

The improvements herein set forth are not limited to the precise construction and arrangement shown and described for they may be embodied in various forms and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a muffler, the combination of a cas ing comprising a cylindrical side wall and spaced heads, one of said heads having an inlet opening therein, the other head having a discharge opening therein, a plurality of spaced deflecting plates or members radially arranged within said casings and about said inlet opening to form an initial receiving space, and a conical member removably se cured to one of said heads and projecting into said initial receiving space.

2. In a muffler, the combination of a casing comprising spaced heads and a side wall, one of said heads having an inlet opening therein, the other head having a discharge opening therein, a conical member removably secured to last mentioned head and arranged with an apex of said conical member opposite said inlet opening, and a plurality of spaced deflecting plates or members radially arranged within said casing around said conical member, the inner ends of said deflecting plates defining an initial receiving s ace.

3. A mu er of the class described having spaced heads one of which has an inlet opening therein through which incoming gases pass, a removable conical member seated on the opposing head, spaced deflect-- ing plates or members each extending from one head to the other, and means for securing said heads in proper position relative to each other, the conical member being clamped in place between and by said deflecting plates on one hand and the head upon which it is seated on the other.

4. A mufiler of the class described comprising in combination a rear head having a rearwardly extending tubular projection that provides the inlet opening of the muffler, a forward head having an opening therein in which opening there extends and upon which forward end there is seated a conical member, the apex of the coned portion of which conical member is located opposite the muffler inlet opening, a series of deflecting plates or members arranged to define the eral portion of an initial receiving space, into wi: :11 receiving space incoming gases k and from which space the gases iiow JU'LO narrow slots provided between said deecting plates or members, some of the der ates or members being carried on lead and being constructed so as to rid conical member in a manner to clamp said conical member in position betr-ieen them and the forward head when the heads are secured in proper position relative to each other.

5. In a. mutller, the combination of a cars 15 ing comprising a cylindrical side wall and two circular heads, one of said heads having a circular opening eccentrically located therein, the other head having a circular discharge opening located near its periphcry, and a plurality of spaced deflecting plates or members arranged within said casing, the inner ends of said plates being arranged around the inlet opening to form an initial receiving spare, while the other ends are arranged in a circle, the center or which is located between the centers of the inlet and discharge openings.

(3. In a muliler, the combination of a cas ing comprising a cylindrical side wall and two circular heads, one of said heads having an inlet opening ei'zcentrically located therein, the other head having a discharge opening lOCi ted near its periphery, and a plurality of deflecting plates or members radially arranged within said casing so that the inner ends of said plates will i'orm about said inlet opening a circular receiving space while the outer ends will define a circle, the circles defined by the inner and outer ends of said deflecting plates being eccentric with 40 relation to each other and with said side wall.

7. In amufller, the combination of a casing comprising a cylindrical side wall and two circular heads, one of said heads having an inlet opening eccentrically located therein, the other head having a discharge opening eccentrically located therein, and a plurality of spaced deflecting plates or 'members radially arranged within said casing and about said inlet opening so as to form an initial receiving space, the inner ends of adjacent deflecting plates or members being to l millimeter apart.

8. In a mufller, the combination of a cascomprising a cylindrical side wall and spaced heads, one of said heads having an inlet opening eccentrically located therein, the other head having a discharge opening cccentrically located therein, and a plural ity 'of deflecting members radially arranged within said casing so that the inner ends thereof will form an initial receiving space about said inlet opening, said members being suitably spaced so that substantially all of the exhaust gases will be brought intocontact with and cooled by said members and guided toward said casing.

The specification signed and witnessed this 18th day of October A. D. 1917.

HALvoi: ANDRESEN.

Signed in the presence of:

G. McGRANN, EDWIN A. PACKARD. 

